{
 "topic": "senate",
 "site": "electiondata.dev",
 "place": {
  "id": "us-ri",
  "name": "Rhode Island",
  "level": "us-state",
  "parent": "usa",
  "path": "us/ri",
  "slug": "ri",
  "state": "ri",
  "state_name": "Rhode Island",
  "state_id": "us-ri"
 },
 "question": "How did Rhode Island vote for the Senate?",
 "answer": {
  "verdict": "Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat) won by 20.0 points",
  "value": 20,
  "unit": " pts",
  "digits": 1,
  "label": "Senate, 2024: winner's margin",
  "lines": [
   "Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat) 59.9%, Patricia Morgan (Republican) 39.9%",
   "491,948 votes for Senate candidates"
  ]
 },
 "as_of": "2024",
 "as_of_label": "2024",
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "senate-margin",
   "title": "Every regular Senate election in Rhode Island since 1976",
   "description": "17 regular elections; Democrats were ahead in 12 and Republicans in 5.",
   "indicator": "Democratic candidate's share of Senate votes minus the Republican's, points (regular elections; special elections are in the table)",
   "subtitle": "Democratic share minus Republican share, in points. Above the line: the Democrat got more votes.",
   "x": {
    "kind": "year"
   },
   "y": {
    "digits": 1,
    "unit": " pts",
    "format": "party-margin"
   },
   "layers": [
    {
     "type": "bars",
     "name": "Margin",
     "base": 0,
     "points": [
      [
       1976,
       -15.709,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1978,
       50.224,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1982,
       -2.396,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1984,
       45.32,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1988,
       -9.186,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1990,
       23.666,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1994,
       -29.046,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1996,
       28.352,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2000,
       -15.732,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2002,
       56.852,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2006,
       7.038,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2008,
       46.596,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2012,
       29.845,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2014,
       41.336,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2018,
       23.107,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2020,
       33.124,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2024,
       20.048,
       "dem"
      ]
     ],
     "legend": [
      {
       "label": "Democrat ahead",
       "cls": "dem"
      },
      {
       "label": "Republican ahead",
       "cls": "rep"
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Statewide totals say nothing about who voted or why.",
  "Candidates with a party's support under another name (Minnesota's DFL, New York's fusion lines) are counted with that party, as the MIT data's simplified party does; independents stay independents."
 ],
 "method": "Each candidate's votes are summed over every ballot line; blank, over- and under-votes are left out. The margin is the winner's share of the votes minus the runner-up's. A runoff, where held, is the result.",
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "electiondata.dev senate-results, version 2026-10-25.247421eda6",
   "url": "https://electiondata.dev/",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  },
  {
   "name": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab, U.S. Senate statewide 1976-2024",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PEJ5QU",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  }
 ],
 "check": {
  "races": [
   {
    "year": 1976,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 398906,
    "votes": {
     "John H. Chafee": 230329,
     "Richard P. Lorber": 167665,
     "Margaret R. Cann": 912
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1978,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 305618,
    "votes": {
     "Claiborne Pell": 229557,
     "James G. Reyonlds": 76061
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1982,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 342778,
    "votes": {
     "John H. Chafee": 175495,
     "Julius C. Michaelson": 167283
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1984,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 393356,
    "votes": {
     "Claiborne Deb. Pell": 285811,
     "Barbara M. Leonard": 107545
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1988,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 397990,
    "votes": {
     "John H. Chaffee": 217273,
     "Richard A. Licht": 180717
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1990,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 364062,
    "votes": {
     "Claiborne Pell": 225105,
     "Claudine Schneider": 138947
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1994,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 345388,
    "votes": {
     "John H. Chafee": 222856,
     "Linda J. Kushner": 122532
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1996,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 364371,
    "votes": {
     "Jack Reed": 230676,
     "Nancy J. Mayer": 127368,
     "Donald W. Lovejoy": 6327
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2000,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 391353,
    "votes": {
     "Lincoln D. Chafee": 222588,
     "Robert A. Weygand": 161023,
     "Christopher Young": 4107,
     "Kenneth P. Proulx": 3635
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2002,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 323582,
    "votes": {
     "Jack Reed": 253774,
     "Robert G. Tingle": 69808
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2006,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 384993,
    "votes": {
     "Sheldon Whitehouse": 206043,
     "Lincoln Chafee": 178950
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2008,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 438812,
    "votes": {
     "Jack Reed": 320644,
     "Robert G. Tingle": 116174
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2012,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 418189,
    "votes": {
     "Sheldon Whitehouse": 271034,
     "Benjamin Barrett Hinckley Iii": 146222
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2014,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 316898,
    "votes": {
     "Jack Reed": 223675,
     "Mark S. Zaccaria": 92684
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2018,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 376738,
    "votes": {
     "Sheldon Whitehouse": 231477,
     "Robert G. Flanders Jr.": 144421
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2020,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 494262,
    "votes": {
     "John F. Reed": 328574,
     "Allen R. Waters": 164855
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2024,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 491948,
    "votes": {
     "Sheldon Whitehouse": 294665,
     "Patricia Morgan": 196039
    }
   }
  ],
  "dataset": "senate-results",
  "version": "2026-10-25.247421eda6"
 },
 "table": {
  "title": "Every Senate race since 1976",
  "columns": [
   "Race",
   "Winner",
   "Runner-up",
   "Margin",
   "Votes"
  ],
  "num": [
   3,
   4
  ],
  "rows": [
   [
    "2024",
    "Sheldon Whitehouse (D) 59.9%",
    "Patricia Morgan (R) 39.9%",
    "20.0 pts",
    "491,948"
   ],
   [
    "2020",
    "John F. Reed (D) 66.5%",
    "Allen R. Waters (R) 33.4%",
    "33.1 pts",
    "494,262"
   ],
   [
    "2018",
    "Sheldon Whitehouse (D) 61.4%",
    "Robert G. Flanders Jr. (R) 38.3%",
    "23.1 pts",
    "376,738"
   ],
   [
    "2014",
    "Jack Reed (D) 70.6%",
    "Mark S. Zaccaria (R) 29.2%",
    "41.3 pts",
    "316,898"
   ],
   [
    "2012",
    "Sheldon Whitehouse (D) 64.8%",
    "Benjamin Barrett Hinckley Iii (R) 35.0%",
    "29.8 pts",
    "418,189"
   ],
   [
    "2008",
    "Jack Reed (D) 73.1%",
    "Robert G. Tingle (R) 26.5%",
    "46.6 pts",
    "438,812"
   ],
   [
    "2006",
    "Sheldon Whitehouse (D) 53.5%",
    "Lincoln Chafee (R) 46.5%",
    "7.0 pts",
    "384,993"
   ],
   [
    "2002",
    "Jack Reed (D) 78.4%",
    "Robert G. Tingle (R) 21.6%",
    "56.9 pts",
    "323,582"
   ],
   [
    "2000",
    "Lincoln D. Chafee (R) 56.9%",
    "Robert A. Weygand (D) 41.1%",
    "15.7 pts",
    "391,353"
   ],
   [
    "1996",
    "Jack Reed (D) 63.3%",
    "Nancy J. Mayer (R) 35.0%",
    "28.4 pts",
    "364,371"
   ],
   [
    "1994",
    "John H. Chafee (R) 64.5%",
    "Linda J. Kushner (D) 35.5%",
    "29.0 pts",
    "345,388"
   ],
   [
    "1990",
    "Claiborne Pell (D) 61.8%",
    "Claudine Schneider (R) 38.2%",
    "23.7 pts",
    "364,062"
   ],
   [
    "1988",
    "John H. Chaffee (R) 54.6%",
    "Richard A. Licht (D) 45.4%",
    "9.2 pts",
    "397,990"
   ],
   [
    "1984",
    "Claiborne Deb. Pell (D) 72.7%",
    "Barbara M. Leonard (R) 27.3%",
    "45.3 pts",
    "393,356"
   ],
   [
    "1982",
    "John H. Chafee (R) 51.2%",
    "Julius C. Michaelson (D) 48.8%",
    "2.4 pts",
    "342,778"
   ],
   [
    "1978",
    "Claiborne Pell (D) 75.1%",
    "James G. Reyonlds (R) 24.9%",
    "50.2 pts",
    "305,618"
   ],
   [
    "1976",
    "John H. Chafee (R) 57.7%",
    "Richard P. Lorber (D) 42.0%",
    "15.7 pts",
    "398,906"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "api": {
  "now": "/data/places/us-ri/senate.json",
  "source": "https://api.electiondata.dev/v1/senate-results/download/senate-results.csv",
  "source_label": "Every Senate race, every state, from electiondata.dev (live, no key)"
 },
 "generated_at": "2026-10-26T20:05:12+00:00"
}