{
 "topic": "senate",
 "site": "electiondata.dev",
 "place": {
  "id": "us-vt",
  "name": "Vermont",
  "level": "us-state",
  "parent": "usa",
  "path": "us/vt",
  "slug": "vt",
  "state": "vt",
  "state_name": "Vermont",
  "state_id": "us-vt"
 },
 "question": "How did Vermont vote for the Senate?",
 "answer": {
  "verdict": "Bernie Sanders (Independent) won by 31.1 points",
  "value": 31.1,
  "unit": " pts",
  "digits": 1,
  "label": "Senate, 2024: winner's margin",
  "lines": [
   "Bernie Sanders (Independent) 63.1%, Gerald Malloy (Republican) 32.0%, Steve Berry (Independent) 2.2%",
   "363,549 votes for Senate candidates"
  ]
 },
 "as_of": "2024",
 "as_of_label": "2024",
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "senate-margin",
   "title": "Every regular Senate election in Vermont since 1976",
   "description": "17 regular elections; Democrats were ahead in 8 and Republicans in 9.",
   "indicator": "Democratic candidate's share of Senate votes minus the Republican's, points (regular elections; special elections are in the table)",
   "subtitle": "Democratic share minus Republican share, in points. Above the line: the Democrat got more votes.",
   "x": {
    "kind": "year"
   },
   "y": {
    "digits": 1,
    "unit": " pts",
    "format": "party-margin"
   },
   "layers": [
    {
     "type": "bars",
     "name": "Margin",
     "base": 0,
     "points": [
      [
       1976,
       -4.654,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1980,
       1.317,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1982,
       -3.041,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1986,
       28.66,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1988,
       -38.2,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1992,
       10.817,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1994,
       -9.749,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1998,
       49.765,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2000,
       -40.132,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2004,
       46.084,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2006,
       -32.362,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2010,
       33.414,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2012,
       -24.9,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2016,
       28.193,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2018,
       -27.387,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2022,
       40.401,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2024,
       -32.048,
       "rep"
      ]
     ],
     "legend": [
      {
       "label": "Democrat ahead",
       "cls": "dem"
      },
      {
       "label": "Republican ahead",
       "cls": "rep"
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Statewide totals say nothing about who voted or why.",
  "Candidates with a party's support under another name (Minnesota's DFL, New York's fusion lines) are counted with that party, as the MIT data's simplified party does; independents stay independents."
 ],
 "method": "Each candidate's votes are summed over every ballot line; blank, over- and under-votes are left out. The margin is the winner's share of the votes minus the runner-up's. A runoff, where held, is the result.",
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "electiondata.dev senate-results, version 2026-10-25.247421eda6",
   "url": "https://electiondata.dev/",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  },
  {
   "name": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab, U.S. Senate statewide 1976-2024",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PEJ5QU",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  }
 ],
 "check": {
  "races": [
   {
    "year": 1976,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 189060,
    "votes": {
     "Robert T. Stafford": 94481,
     "Thomas P. Salmon": 85682,
     "Nancy Kaufman": 8801
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1980,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 209124,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Leahy": 104176,
     "Stewart M. Ledbetter": 101421,
     "Anthony N. Doria": 1776,
     "Earl S. Gardiner": 1629
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1982,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 168002,
    "votes": {
     "Robert T. Stafford": 84449,
     "James A. Guest": 79340,
     "Michael Edward Hackett": 1463,
     "Ion Laskaris": 897,
     "Bo Adlerbert": 892,
     "Jerry Levy": 774
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1986,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 196532,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick Leahy": 124123,
     "Dick Snelling": 67798,
     "Anthony N. Doria": 2963,
     "Jerry Levy": 1583
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1988,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 240108,
    "votes": {
     "James M. Jeffords": 163183,
     "Bill Gray": 71460,
     "Jerry Levy": 2533,
     "King Milne": 2424
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1992,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 285739,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Leahy": 154762,
     "James H. Douglas": 123854,
     "Jerry Levy": 5121,
     "Michael B. Godeck": 1780
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1994,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 211672,
    "votes": {
     "James M. Jeffords": 106505,
     "Jan Backus": 85868,
     "Gavin T. Mills": 12465,
     "Matthew S. Mulligan": 3141,
     "Bob Melamede": 1416,
     "Jerry Levy": 1376,
     "Joseph Victor Pardo": 709
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1998,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 214036,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Leahy": 154567,
     "Fred H. Tuttle": 48051,
     "Hugh Douglas": 4199,
     "Barry M. Nelson": 2893,
     "Bob (dr. Bob) Melamede": 2459,
     "Jerry Levy": 1238
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2000,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 288500,
    "votes": {
     "James M. Jeffords": 189133,
     "Ed Flanagan": 73352,
     "Charles W. Russell": 10079,
     "Rick Hubbard": 5366,
     "Billy Greer": 4889,
     "Hugh Douglas": 3843,
     "Jerry Levy": 1477
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2004,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 307208,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Leahy": 216972,
     "Jack Mcmullen": 75398,
     "Cris Ericson": 6486,
     "Craig Hill": 3999,
     "Keith Stern": 3300,
     "Ben Mitchell": 879
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2006,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 262419,
    "votes": {
     "Bernard Sanders": 171638,
     "Rich Tarrant": 84924,
     "Cris Ericson": 1735,
     "Craig Hill": 1536,
     "Peter Moss": 1518,
     "Pete Diamondstone": 801
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2010,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 235178,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Leahy": 151281,
     "Len Britton": 72699,
     "Daniel Freilich": 3544,
     "Cris Ericson": 2731,
     "Stephen J. Cain": 2356,
     "Peter Diamondstone": 1433,
     "Johenry Nunes": 1021
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2012,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 292762,
    "votes": {
     "Bernard Sanders": 207848,
     "John Macgovern": 72898,
     "Chris Ericson": 5924,
     "Pete Diamondstone": 2511,
     "Peter Moss": 2452,
     "Laurel Laframboise": 877
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2016,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 314275,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Leahy": 192243,
     "Scott Milne": 103637,
     "Cris Ericson": 9156,
     "Jerry Trudell": 5223,
     "Pete Diamondstone": 3241,
     "Void Vote": 466
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2018,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 272624,
    "votes": {
     "Bernie Sanders": 183529,
     "Lawrence Zupan": 74663,
     "Brad J. Peacock": 3787,
     "Russell Beste": 2763,
     "Edward S. Gilbert Jr": 2244,
     "Folasade Adeluola": 1979,
     "Jon Svitavsky": 1280,
     "Reid Kane": 1171,
     "Bruce Busa": 914
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2022,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 287386,
    "votes": {
     "Peter Welch": 196575,
     "Gerald Malloy": 80468,
     "Dawn Marie Ellis": 2752,
     "Natasha Diamondstone-kohout": 1574,
     "Kerry Patrick Raheb": 1532,
     "Mark Coester": 1273,
     "Stephen Duke": 1209,
     "Ms. Cris Ericson": 1105
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2024,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 363549,
    "votes": {
     "Bernie Sanders": 229429,
     "Gerald Malloy": 116512,
     "Steve Berry": 7941,
     "Matt Hill": 4530,
     "Justin Schoville": 3339,
     "Mark Stewart Greenstein": 1104,
     "Spoiled": 296
    }
   }
  ],
  "dataset": "senate-results",
  "version": "2026-10-25.247421eda6"
 },
 "table": {
  "title": "Every Senate race since 1976",
  "columns": [
   "Race",
   "Winner",
   "Runner-up",
   "Margin",
   "Votes"
  ],
  "num": [
   3,
   4
  ],
  "rows": [
   [
    "2024",
    "Bernie Sanders (I) 63.1%",
    "Gerald Malloy (R) 32.0%",
    "31.1 pts",
    "363,549"
   ],
   [
    "2022",
    "Peter Welch (D) 68.4%",
    "Gerald Malloy (R) 28.0%",
    "40.4 pts",
    "287,386"
   ],
   [
    "2018",
    "Bernie Sanders (I) 67.3%",
    "Lawrence Zupan (R) 27.4%",
    "39.9 pts",
    "272,624"
   ],
   [
    "2016",
    "Patrick J. Leahy (D) 61.2%",
    "Scott Milne (R) 33.0%",
    "28.2 pts",
    "314,275"
   ],
   [
    "2012",
    "Bernard Sanders (I) 71.0%",
    "John Macgovern (R) 24.9%",
    "46.1 pts",
    "292,762"
   ],
   [
    "2010",
    "Patrick J. Leahy (D) 64.3%",
    "Len Britton (R) 30.9%",
    "33.4 pts",
    "235,178"
   ],
   [
    "2006",
    "Bernard Sanders (I) 65.4%",
    "Rich Tarrant (R) 32.4%",
    "33.0 pts",
    "262,419"
   ],
   [
    "2004",
    "Patrick J. Leahy (D) 70.6%",
    "Jack Mcmullen (R) 24.5%",
    "46.1 pts",
    "307,208"
   ],
   [
    "2000",
    "James M. Jeffords (R) 65.6%",
    "Ed Flanagan (D) 25.4%",
    "40.1 pts",
    "288,500"
   ],
   [
    "1998",
    "Patrick J. Leahy (D) 72.2%",
    "Fred H. Tuttle (R) 22.4%",
    "49.8 pts",
    "214,036"
   ],
   [
    "1994",
    "James M. Jeffords (R) 50.3%",
    "Jan Backus (D) 40.6%",
    "9.7 pts",
    "211,672"
   ],
   [
    "1992",
    "Patrick J. Leahy (D) 54.2%",
    "James H. Douglas (R) 43.3%",
    "10.8 pts",
    "285,739"
   ],
   [
    "1988",
    "James M. Jeffords (R) 68.0%",
    "Bill Gray (D) 29.8%",
    "38.2 pts",
    "240,108"
   ],
   [
    "1986",
    "Patrick Leahy (D) 63.2%",
    "Dick Snelling (R) 34.5%",
    "28.7 pts",
    "196,532"
   ],
   [
    "1982",
    "Robert T. Stafford (R) 50.3%",
    "James A. Guest (D) 47.2%",
    "3.0 pts",
    "168,002"
   ],
   [
    "1980",
    "Patrick J. Leahy (D) 49.8%",
    "Stewart M. Ledbetter (R) 48.5%",
    "1.3 pts",
    "209,124"
   ],
   [
    "1976",
    "Robert T. Stafford (R) 50.0%",
    "Thomas P. Salmon (D) 45.3%",
    "4.7 pts",
    "189,060"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "api": {
  "now": "/data/places/us-vt/senate.json",
  "source": "https://api.electiondata.dev/v1/senate-results/download/senate-results.csv",
  "source_label": "Every Senate race, every state, from electiondata.dev (live, no key)"
 },
 "generated_at": "2026-10-26T20:05:12+00:00"
}